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If the road is smooth, you're not off-roading, you're commuting. Add some rocks and spice it up.
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Welcome to the Throttle and Roast podcast. I'm your host, Niels Meersschaert. In today's episode, I'll be looking at two types of riding done by motorcyclists, off-road and street riding. While these are different styles, there's more overlap than you might think at first glance. And with ADV and dual sport, there are riders who regularly combine the two. If you've ever wanted to know about the other side of riding, this is the episode for you.
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So let's start with a little bit of basic definition.
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So off-road riding is typically best defined as off-pavement.
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Now, in some cases, the paths aren't well-defined, at least compared to roads. They might be the equivalent of a hiking and because these paths aren't public roads, motorcycles aren't required to be street legal or even on many cases have a There are some exceptions though, where specific areas might require a permit pass with a tag added to the bike. when we think of this off-pavement, there's a huge variety of the type of terrain that someone might end up riding their motorcycle on.
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So this could include some rocky tracks. This might be a pathway that just, you know, we see this quite a lot in the Northeast where there's just a lot of shards of rocks that are just sticking out randomly across.
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Sometimes people call this a rock garden and you have to navigate your way around. It's very bouncy. It's a little bit more challenging to kind of go at any sort of Out in the Western United States, it'd be very common to have desert sand, where you are riding along an area and the sand is going to effectively allow you to go much quicker. There's less sort of risk of falling into a rock or something that's hard.
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I think it can be a little bit easier. Another situation that you might run into might be muddy conditions, where the dirt has become overwhelmed with water and now it's become more of a slurry, in a sense, and you're trying to ride through this. Again, really, really challenging. Some other riders will participate in hill climbs or even that might be part of the trail that you're going on.
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You have a very steep section of road that you're trying to do. I remember when I first started with some off-road riding, we were at a ski slope, and we actually had to climb up the ski slope on our big ADV bikes. And that is an interesting challenge for a big, heavy Now, another one that sometimes you'll hear in reference to some of the more technical terrain will be something that's called single track. And the idea is, usually a reference in reaction to what would be called like a two track or a typical two parallel wheels that you would have. So if you were to, for example, drive a Jeep or something, or even an ATV or a UTV, those would be a two track sort of a pathway.
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They have to have to be physically wider than you would require for a motorcycle. So the motorcycle can get into much narrower trails And when you think of these two tracks, this is sort of where you start to get into a little bit of the easier terrain that we might do some off-roading into. So as I said, two track will be a little bit easier terrain. you're not having to navigate in a really tight space. Oftentimes you might be navigating between two trees that are very tight.
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That's why it's only a single track. Or you might have other obstacles on either side of the trail that you're riding along.
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So two track can be a little bit easier, relatively than that.
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You can still have that same sort of conditions. It could be rocky tracks, it could be desert sand, it could be muddy. You could still have a hill. You're just going to have a little bit more breathing room on either side of the trail. And another easy way that you can get for getting off pavement might be something like even a forest road. These would be roads that are really more of intended for usage by maintenance within, let's say, a national forest, for example. They might be legal roads or they may not. It's not absolute that one is or is not.
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But they're generally going to be a little bit more graded than you might have for a typical trail. so one of the big things to think about as you are navigating off road is that the conditions can be more challenging than you would have in, let's say, a paved environment. The road isn't necessarily going to be perfectly graded. It's not going to be super smooth. And while these easier terrains will be closer to that, there's a lot of off-road riding that does not have that sort of simplicity to it or ease travel. what this sort of requires for a rider is really to have some skills that you may not have if you were only riding on the street. So, for example, one of the simplest things, and this is actually, I think, one of the biggest benefits of riding off-road, is you learn how to handle a motorcycle in loose conditions.
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Generally in off-road, because the dirt is going to not have the same sort of grip level that you're going to have on pavement, the bike is going to move a little bit underneath you. And it could be that it's being bounced because of those rocks, it could be that that mud is slipping and sliding every which way. You could have sand where the bike is just spinning the rear wheels because it doesn't really have a lot things to grab onto, and so the motorcycle will just spin the wheels a little bit more. Each of these have some challenges when it comes to riding the bike. You may be sliding through a corner and how do you manage that slide? How do you ensure that you have just enough throttle to maintain it without getting into a situation where it's going to suddenly grab and then high side you? So learning these skills really is a huge benefit for when you're riding off-road. The other big thing that an off-road rider will have to do is really reading the terrain. you have to figure out, well, where do I position the wheels of the bike as I'm riding along? And you have to think out what the path is, and it may not be that you're going to be just riding down the center of a path. You might move back and forth. Let's say it's a two-track. You may move back and forth around that trail just to find the line that's going to be the easiest one for you to travel. Or sometimes even the hardest one to travel because you're looking for the challenge. You may run into a a path, and maybe it was a two-track path, and because the vehicle that had gone through was much heavier, it actually has now created ruts.
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And you're riding in one of these ruts where the wheels were.
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So it's technically a two-track, but fundamentally you're an even narrower space because you're really riding inside of that rut caused by another And this can be a really interesting challenge as you're riding through because you don't have a lot of leeway over which way you have to pass. So knowing how to read the terrain, how do you get out of that, how could you get on to more of a flat surface?
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This is going to really be one of those critical skills. And to aid you in that, you're going to really have to start to think about how you position yourself on the bike. Whether you lean forward, whether you lean back, that's going to change the weight balance that's going to be on the bike. So if you're trying to get over an obstacle, you may lean back just to unweight that front wheel, make it easier to travel over the obstacle. may also do side to side and in this case, you may push the bike out from underneath you so that you're still riding over the tires, but the bike is leaned over to the side. And this allows you to do really tight turns that you wouldn't otherwise been able to do while still maintaining the weight directly over the tires.
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So this positioning of the bike is really a skill that we have to learn as we're doing off-road riding. Now, if you're hearing all this and going, wow, this sounds really cool. Off-road riding has got some really interesting stuff to it. It is absolutely true, but there are some things that make this a little bit more challenging than if you were to do street riding.
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And one of the biggest ones, and this is where there are a lot of organizations that are fighting for it, is access challenges.
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More and more areas each year are cut off from any type of motorized vehicles in an effort to preserve the nature. And the thought being that the loud noise of unrestricted engines and the tearing up of the terrain can cause harm to the environment and to nature. And this is especially prevalent in some of the wilderness areas in more populated parts of the world. Like here in the Northeast, in the United States, we have a relatively small number of available true off-road riding areas. And that number is dwindling every single year. Similar situation happens in much of Europe where there are not a huge number of true off-road riding areas, certainly not in wilderness, because it's a fairly densely populated area within most of Europe. So access really becomes a challenge if you are to get a motorcycle into those areas and then be able to ride around them. Now that doesn't mean that there aren't some things like green lanes that you might see in the UK quite frequently, but that is not quite the same as a really challenging off-road area. You are off pavement and those areas are still more common, but the real technical terrain is becoming harder and harder to get to. Now another challenge of off-road motorcycles you really require another vehicle to transport the bike to the riding area. Most of the do not have license plates. They are not legally allowed to ride on pavement. So you need some vehicle to take them. Now this could be a pickup truck where you stick it into the back of the bed. It could be a trailer that's carrying the bikes. But in both of these situations, you have an extra cost associated with the support items that increases the effective cost of that dirt bike. And this may be a hindrance and a limitation on to some people add in off-road riding for them. Now, if you already live in an area where you already have a pickup truck, it's less of a additional cost because you already have it. But if you have a normal car, let's say, and now you're thinking of adding an off-road riding, you're going to have to either get a trailer for that car or you're going to have to get a pickup truck to be able to transport your off-road motorcycle. Now there are some things that when you start to think of the motorcycle itself that you have to mindful what is this going to require maybe if I'm coming at it from being a street rider into off-road? Well, the first thing is that the speeds in general are slower than you would have on the street. And if you think of it, it makes sense. If I'm going through more technical terrain, I'm not going to be doing highway speeds riding through technical terrain. Now, that doesn't mean that there aren't riders who are out in the big desert sands and might be doing 50, 60, 70 miles an hour. But it's in a wide open area. But as you get into the really challenging technical terrain, you might be going 10, maybe 20 miles an hour. So you're not going to be going that fast.
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Certainly not in a single track environment. so the number of miles that you might travel in a given day is going to be relatively much lower And because of this, most dirt bikes, instead of having an odometer that will keep track of the number of miles or kilometers that they've traveled, they'll actually have an hour meter to keep track of how long the engine has been running. that's what you're going to use for your maintenance routine. And as I alluded to licensing, because these aren't used for the they will typically not have the same sort of licensing restrictions that you have in a full motorcycle. And there's even bikes that are made available for really young riders, even as low as like three or four years old, where they can start to develop their skills much earlier. So if you wanted to introduce your kids into riding, an off-road bike is oftentimes a really effective way to be able to do that. And the bikes compared to a full street bike are going to be significantly cheaper for these certainly earlier stage dirt bikes young children. And there's actually a lot of countless examples of riders who started off on dirt bikes and then moved into street riding because they learned all of those skills early on and now added in the repertoire of riding in the street.
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So that's a perfect segue for us to start talking about street riding and street riding requires a motorcycle that is produced to be street legal. You know, this requires at a minimum turn signals, signals, headlights, a horn, and that's pretty much the main requirements that you'll see pretty much any jurisdiction around the globe. Now, some areas, for example, in Europe will also require an anti-lock braking system. And this is just to add another layer of safety on top of the bike as you're riding in a more street oriented environment. And you may need to do a panic stop and you want to have the brakes be able to avoid locking up The interesting thing in off-road is we sometimes intentionly lock up the wheels because it allows us to pivot the bike or rotate the bike faster so there are reasons why we might want that. So ABS is often in a bike that is being used on off road that does have ABS. We turn it off for when we're riding off road. Now, the other big thing with street riding is that some jurisdictions will have different tiers of licensing that have more restrictions in the more junior levels like power restrictions.
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A great example would be the A1 license in the UK, which has age, engine capacity, and power limits. While an A2 gives you a little bit more power options, but it's limited to older riders, and then a full A license is going to have no power restrictions anymore, but there is still an age limit. It's generally going to m later in terms of the age before you're allowed to acquire that type of a license. There are some easier things of, if you already had a more junior license, to be able to transfer over to it, but in general, it's going to be an older person that's going to have that availability, and I don't mean like 80, but, you know, not a 12-year-old. So now another big thing to think of for street bikes is that some bikes are really, really heavy.
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Like a pretty common dirt bike might be 250 pounds like for a 450 say dirt bike might be only a couple hundred pounds. But cruisers, especially here in the United States, are very, very heavy bikes, often weighing more than 700 pounds. And this is due to large capacity engines, a long wheelbase, and this longer rake on the front fork, which helps make them very stable for riding on fairly straight highways, which we do have a lot of in the United States. And therefore, this is why they can be favored for But that weight also allows them to carry a lot of stuff. Generally, if you start to think of how a vehicle is constructed, there's gross vehicle weight rating, which is basically how much weight bike can carry along with its own weight, passengers, luggage, etc. added onto it. By having a heavier bike, the frame is going to be a little bit stronger. It's able to support more weight, so you can take a lot more cargo. And this is why these bikes can be very good for touring and going for long-distance overnight trips. They might be carrying a pillion. They might be carrying a lot of luggage. This is where those bikes can actually add in some of that weight and still be very helpful for it. Now, one big thing we have to watch out for as street riders is really being aware of other traffic.
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We're riding on public roads, and we have to deal with the other traffic that's out there.
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So having an awareness of how other vehicles might behave, including turning in front of you, which is a very common accident for motorcyclists, requires a different set of skills than those who ride off-road. You still need to be aware of other traffic in off-road, but there's not as much as you would in a public environment because there's not really someone coming from another adjacent trail, typically. They're usually becoming the other direction on the trail, or you may see people who are further ahead of you, and you might be going a little quicker. But you're not going to have the same traffic situations that you'd have in a street environment. Now, as I alluded to, the road speed of a dirt bike tends to be lower because technically riding in technical terrain, a long day on a dirt bike might be that you traveled 30, maybe even 50 miles, which doesn't sound like a lot for a full day of riding. But if you're only doing 10 miles an hour, that's still a pretty good day of riding. That's, you know, three, five hours of riding that you've been doing for that whole day. And you'll stop more frequently. It's a very physically demanding skill to ride off-road. Whereas on the street, riders on the street might even complete an iron butt where they do 1,000 miles in 24 hours. I've done coffee rides that were 200 miles. So the number of miles that we'll do in a given day is significantly greater on the street than you have off-road. And this requires a level of fatigue management.
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It's not that you're riding necessarily more hours, but you are traveling at a faster rate of speed. the reason why you're able to go faster is because the street and the road that you're traveling along doesn't have as many obstacles. So there's just a different level of tension that one has to do on the street versus off-road. There's also some other sort secondary skills that we need as street riders to really understand what's going on. So for example, if I'm riding in a group, I might be staggered formation on a highway, or maybe I'm going to be in a single file on back roads. This is something that you need to learn as a motorcyclist as you're riding on the street, especially if you're riding with others. We might do multiple fuel stops in a day. And if you're riding with a group, how do you coordinate that? How do you figure out when you're gonna stop? This is a, a very different sort of atmosphere, and while there are some riders, typically those who are on a dual sport as opposed to a pure dirt bike, who may also do a couple of fuel stops in a day, it tends to be more of you're gonna run that one tank of gas, or you're gonna go back to your truck or your trailer, refill the tank there. So you're not really going into a gas station.
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So you've gotta be thoughtful of how do I manage that on a street motorcycle. Another big distinction you'll find is that in a street motorcycle, we may have a destination for the day.
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Maybe we're going out to a coffee shop. Maybe we're going out to a hotel that we're going to be staying at for that evening. Maybe we're going out to lunch with some friends, but we'll tend to have more of a destination for the day. In off-road riding, it tends to be more of that you're riding in an area for the day. So you might say, "Hey, here's where I'm going to be riding." And maybe it's an off-road park, whatever it is, as opposed to having a destination that you're trying to get to. And as a consequence, you will have to have a little bit more thoughtfulness about navigation on a street bike of,"Well, how do I get to where I intend?" Off-road, you might be following a trail or maybe there isn't a trail and you have a little bit of a navigation, but you're not necessarily saying,"Hey, make a left onto this highway or make a right on that street." We do need to do that in street riding. So you might see a lot of riders who will have a GPS mounted onto their bike, or they'll maybe have maps in the tank bag. We have to be a little bit more thoughtful of,"Well, what is the path that gets me to where I want to go for the day?" So, you've heard now, both off-road riding and street riding, you might be saying,"Yeah, I like aspects of both of those, they're kind of cool." And this is one of the really cool things that has happened in recent years is this growth in a segment of the motorcycle community of adventure motorcycles. That is the most popular form of riding in the globe today. And you can think of this in some ways as almost splitting the difference between off-road and street riding. Now, ADV bikes are really, they're road bikes, they're street bikes that are capable of riding off-road. So they will tend to be heavier, they will tend to have more of the creature comforts that you would have on a pure street bike, but with a little bit longer travel suspension, a little bit more off-road capable. They may compromise a little bit of the pure street aspects in order to allow it to do some off-road capability, versus full-on street bike. If you think of a dual sport, dual sports are really more of a dirt bike that is capable of riding on the street. So it might as simple as it has turn signals, it has a headlight, it has a brake light, and it has a horn. And that's the extent of prepping to be able to be street legal on the bike. Otherwise, it's really a dirt bike.
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These are sort of like general categories for these two of ADV and dirt bikes, but the best way to think these bikes really stretch along a continuum, offering some more off-road focus or more on-road intent.
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And depending upon the mixture that you're going to be doing for riding, one might make more sense for you than another. As I said, in general, ADV bikes are heavier than dual sports and have larger engine capacity.
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generally, dual sports are heavier than dirt bikes, as they have the lights and other elements necessary for road use, but they tend to be lighter than ADV bikes. And you may have heard some of this mixture of some people using a dual sport as a light ADV bike, and some riders using light ADVs as dual sports. So it really is the spectrum. So what's a few common ADV bikes? So if you think of the quote unquote full size ADV bikes, you might hear about things like the BMW R 1300 GS series. So this would be the GS and the GSA. You might hear of the Honda Africa twin, the Yamaha super tenerae, the KTM 1390 super adventure. These are all the engine capacity, size adventure bikes in the market today. In general, those bikes will be more road focused than some smaller capacity bikes.
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They will be heavier. They will be having a lot of other characteristics that are really optimized for road use, though they can go off road. But again, it's that continuum of how much you want to do. Because of this sort of balance between ADV and dual sport. We've started to see a little bit more growth in an area called middleweight adventure bikes. And these try to straddle the line a little bit because one of the challenges with the dual sport bike is in general, dual sports tend to be single cylinder engines, which are awesome. They have a lot of torque for when you're riding off road, but they can be a little fatiguing if you're doing a long rides on the highway. Whereas a multi cylinder adventure bike will be more comfortable to ride for extended periods on the highway.
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So these middleweight bikes tend to be a little bit more popular today because they're giving you a little bit more off-road capability than you would have with a large ADV bike. But not having some of the compromises that you might have on a pure dual sport. So some examples of that would be the KTM 890 Adventure, the Yamaha Tenere 700 and the BMW F900GS. I, in personally, I traded in my old r1200GS, which is the larger, it's actually a GSA, but I traded that bike in and got a F900GS last summer. And I effectively got a bike that was the same exact power that I had on my old bike, but 80 pounds lighter. So much, much better for off-road use, but it's still allows me to get to the trails in a way that is more practical.
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So when you're riding an ADV or dual sport, the routes that you choose might be kind of a mixture of paved and unpaved roads. Great example of this is something we just covered in a recent episode, which is the backcountry discovery routes.
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These are roads that are, or paths and routes that are really meant to sort of be getting you into the backcountry, getting you off of the main thoroughfares. And they might be back roads, they might be some unpaved roads, they might be forest roads. They're generally not going to be trails because most of the roads that they're traveling along are still public thoroughfares or seasonally maintained roads. But they will be more of a challenge than, let's say, a pure street bike would be going on to. some of the routes that some ADV riders might even get into some of the trails that are used by dirt bikes. Though, given the heavier nature of ADV bikes, they'll generally tend to be less technical trails than a dirt bike would do. I have ridden my 560 pounds R1200 GSA on single track. It is a handful. It is a lot of weight to try to manage in these really tight areas. And you're going to travel far slower than you would on a dirt bike because you just, you can't move that mass around anywhere as quickly as you could a bike that weighs less than half the weight on a dirt bike. But you can do it. It just doesn't mean that it's easy to do. one of the cool things, I think, for ADV bikes and why they have become this sort of really popular segment is, in many ways, they're almost like the Swiss Army knife. These bikes can be used both off pavement and on dirt and on pavement, on streets, and so they have fewer restrictions on where they can be used. They're not really only limited into one or the other.
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Now, this affected me personally.
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While I love to do technical dirt, the number of available places to do it, especially here in the Northeast, just shrinks every, every year. And I need to have a vehicle to be able to transport a dirt bike to them.
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So now I'm going to buy, what, another pickup truck or something or a big trailer to be able to transport a dirt bike.
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It's a lot of additional expense just to be able to go and do some of these trails, and the trails might be disappearing.
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for me personally, this is why I went to a more of a middleweight adventure bike, was it allowed me to do more technical trails that I could do on a full-size ADV. But I could still be comfortable to ride the 100, 200 miles to get to the trails before I'd even start riding.
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I've even ridden, you know, hundreds of miles away, carrying full camping gear, then set up a base, and then did some of the local off-road trails that were in that area. So I can be far more self-sufficient with an adventure bike than I could with either a pure dual sport or with a street bike only and not have all the additional costs that I would have with a, let's say, a dirt bike, for example, where I'd need that truck. But I'd still have more comfort to ride that couple hundred miles than I would on a dual sport. So this is why I think the middleweight has become a bit more of a popular segment. Now for ADV bikes and dual skills are going to be, in a sense, they're going to be the same skills as a street bike for the pavement sections. You're going to do all the normal things that you would do on a street bike. You're going to have to have those same skills for riding an adventure bike. You can have similar skills for a dirt bike for some of these off pavement sections.
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You're going to need to be aware of the terrain. You can need to thinking about your positioning on the bike, but there is still a specialized skill that's necessary because you're riding a much heavier bike in an off-road situation. If you're manhandling a 560 pound ADV bike in single track, you're going to need to do that differently than you would on a dirt bike.
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Anytime you drop that bike, it's a lot more weight to lift up than it would be with a light dirt bike. So you need to think of your skills a little differently of how you're going to manage Of course, for ADV bikes and dual sports are going to be pretty much exactly the same as you would have for street bikes because they are still technically street bikes, though they have some off-road capability. The same licensing as you would have on street bikes. Now, for dual sports specifically, one advantage of a dual sport, especially for earlier tenure riders, is that they tend to be smaller capacity.
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So you may be able to get them on some of these licensing tiers like we have in Europe where they're going to be more restricted. So you might only be able to do an A2 license, but you could find a dual sport that will still fit within that power restriction and then still be able to have a bike that you can use both for street use, but even find some of those cool trails to do. Now there is similar in concept to the BDRs here in the United States and North America. Europe does have the Trans-Euro Trail, is the same concept of trying to get a mixture pavement and off-pavement riding. Dual sport could be a really good option for those type of a rider.
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So let's wrap up. We covered a lot today in this episode. We covered some of the things about off-road riding, where you might be on pure dirt bike, and what are some of the things that you need to be thinking about with that type of a riding environment, how the technical terrain might be, some of the access challenges that we have for pure off-road riding, as well as needing an additional vehicle in order to transport that bike. We also talked about street riding, which probably many of our listeners are more familiar with, where you're going to have different requirements. You're going to have to have a license because you're going to be riding on the street. You're going to have different considerations for how you might need to manage your bike, but you don't have some of the limitations of, well, I need another vehicle to be able to transport my bike because your bike can travel along the roads, no problem. And finally, we touched on adventure and dual sport bikes, which try to bridge the gap a little bit. They kind of get to let you do both street riding and off-road riding. They are, and you may hear some people refer to this as, well, it's a unicorn bike, which is this perfect thing that never exists because you're always giving up something on one end or the other. But I'd say today's middleweight bikes do a pretty decent job of this.
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They're not going to get into the really, really gnarly stuff like a pure dirt bike would, but they're going to get you a lot further than you would with, let's say, a full large scale ADV or even think about a Harley, for example. You're not going to be taking that on any trails. So they are going to giving you more of that Swiss Army knife that gets you into more areas than you would have with just a pure street bike. So my question for you this week is, do you have a preferred style of riding and which one is Share your thoughts through the text, the show link, and the show notes, or leave a voicemail at throttleandroast.com slash voicemail. Thanks for listening.
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I'll talk to you next week.
